Introduction Sports organisations are no longer merely institutions responsible for organising sports competitions: they have evolved into complex economic actors managing substantial financial resources and operating within multi-layered markets. Professional sports leagues, particularly association football leagues, generate media content of considerable economic value, and broadcasting
In Italy, competition law applies in full to the sports sector, which—although characterised by its own regulatory and disciplinary specificities—does not benefit from any general exemption from competition rules. The economic activities surrounding sport, ranging from the management of professional clubs to the commercialisation of broadcasting
Introduction The main goals of competition law are to promote consumer welfare and economic growth by ensuring healthy competition, which leads to lower prices, better quality, and greater choice for consumers. It achieves these goals by preventing anti-competitive practices, such as price-fixing and market allocation; prohibiting the
Introduction In Türkiye, competition law applies to the sports sector, particularly when sports federations or clubs engage in commercial activities. The Turkish Competition Authority (TCA) (REKABET KURUMU), established on 13 December 1994, can review agreements, decisions, and practices within sports that might restrict competition, including those related