Introduction The FIFPRO fifth Annual Report, was published on 29 September, 2025, with the title Overworked and Underprotected: The Player Health and Performance Impact and presents a sobering assessment of the relentless demands of modern football. The 51-page study covers the 2024–25 season and uses the FIFPRO Player
Football in the United Kingdom (UK) is regulated by the national governing body, the Football Association (the FA), and overseen by the new government-backed Independent Football Regulator (IFR) for professional clubs. The FA sets and enforces in respect of all levels of football - professional and grass roots - the
Despite ongoing campaigns aimed at increasing female participation in sport in the United Kingdom (UK), gender equality in UK sport continues to face challenges in several respects. Fewer girls are participating in team sports; there is a higher drop-out rate for girls by the age of 14;
In Italy, competition law applies in full to the sports sector, which—although characterised by its own regulatory and disciplinary specificities—does not benefit from any general exemption from competition rules. The economic activities surrounding sport, ranging from the management of professional clubs to the commercialisation of broadcasting
Introduction The main goals of competition law are to promote consumer welfare and economic growth by ensuring healthy competition, which leads to lower prices, better quality, and greater choice for consumers. It achieves these goals by preventing anti-competitive practices, such as price-fixing and market allocation; prohibiting the
Introduction In Türkiye, disputes arising from sports federations are resolved through arbitration boards either under the Ministry of Youth and Sports or, in football, through the Turkish Football Federation (Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu) (TFF). Since the 2011 amendment of Article 59 of the Turkish Constitution, decisions of these
Introduction Sports betting, and especially online betting on football matches, has become one of the most closely monitored areas of gaming law in Türkiye. The Turkish legal system maintains a centralised and highly restrictive regime, ensuring that only state-authorised operators may organise betting activities. Unlike some European
Introduction In Türkiye, competition law applies to the sports sector, particularly when sports federations or clubs engage in commercial activities. The Turkish Competition Authority (TCA) (REKABET KURUMU), established on 13 December 1994, can review agreements, decisions, and practices within sports that might restrict competition, including those related
The sports betting market is one of the most heavily regulated yet sensitive sectors of the Italian sports economy. Its legal framework sits at the intersection of competition law, administrative regulation, and sports justice, involving a wide array of actors, from the state to sports federations,
Introduction Sports betting in the United Kingdom (UK) is well established and part of the UK culture and is also well regulated. Online betting is particularly popular and continues to grow, with punters placing bets, in particular, on mobile phones. Gambling in the UK contributes annually in taxes